In Australia, healthdirect describes toxic shock syndrome as a very rare complication that can happen as a response to bacterial infection. It lists tampons, menstrual cups and diaphragms among the products associated with menstrual TSS, and makes a point worth remembering: it's the bacteria, not the product itself, that can lead to it.
That's a calmer starting point for anyone worried about menstrual cup dangers. Here's what Australian health sources say about the risks people ask about most, and what you can do about each.
Quick answer: Period cups do carry some risks, but the serious ones are rare. healthdirect links menstrual cups, tampons and diaphragms to toxic shock syndrome, and a cup can occasionally get stuck. Washing your hands, following the removal instructions and emptying the Lunette period cup within 8 hours are the basics.
Can a period cup give you toxic shock syndrome?
It's possible but uncommon. Women's health organisation Jean Hailes says there have been a very small number of TSS cases in people who have used a menstrual cup, and that more research is needed to understand the risks.
healthdirect lists these symptoms:
- a sudden high temperature
- vomiting or diarrhoea
- dizziness from low blood pressure and aching muscles
- confusion
- a red rash like sunburn on the hands and feet
Lunette's Australian guidance is to wear the cup for up to 8 hours, so empty it within that window every time.
Can a menstrual cup get stuck?
It can feel stuck, but it can't get lost. Jean Hailes says cups and tampons can't get lost in the body, and suggests these steps if you can't reach yours:
- Don't panic, and wash your hands.
- Get into a squatting position and feel for the cup with one finger.
- If that doesn't work, try gripping it with two fingers.
- Pinch the base, not the stem, to release the suction before you pull.
healthdirect adds that you should never try to remove an object with another object. If you still can't get it out, visit your local health centre or doctor as soon as possible.
Does doing a poo move a period cup?
Sometimes. Jean Hailes explains that wee, poo and your period come out of different parts of your body, so you don't have to remove a cup to use the toilet. A poo can occasionally push a cup out of place, though, so check its position with clean fingers afterwards.
How long can you leave a period cup in?
Follow the brand's instructions, because limits differ. Jean Hailes says cups should be washed every 8 to 12 hours depending on the brand, or when full, and its guide for first-timers says that may mean emptying it 2 to 4 times a day. For the Lunette period cup in Australia, the limit is up to 8 hours.
That limit applies overnight as well, so empty the cup just before bed and again as soon as you wake up.
When to see a doctor
- Call triple zero (000) or go to your nearest emergency department if you think you have toxic shock syndrome.
- See your doctor or practice nurse if you can't easily remove a cup yourself, or you notice swelling or redness of your vagina.
- A stuck object can cause unusual discharge, a bad smell, itching, pain when weeing or pelvic pain, so get these checked.
- Get emergency care if a cup is stuck and you also have a fever, rash, dizziness, confusion, trouble breathing, muscle aches or diarrhoea.
Period cup safety questions
Can a period cup cause an infection?
Cleanliness is the key safeguard. healthdirect advises washing your hands before changing any period product and making sure products are clean. Rinse the Lunette cup in cold water each time you empty it, then wash it with warm water and Cup Wash or a mild, unscented soap. Boil 5 minutes before first use and after each completed cycle.
Is it safe to swim with a period cup?
Yes. Jean Hailes says products like tampons and menstrual cups are safe and suitable for activities like swimming. Insert your cup before you head to the pool or beach, check it has opened fully, and stick to the 8-hour wear time if you're out for the whole day.
Has the Lunette period cup been tested?
Yes. The cup is made from 100% medical-grade silicone and was independently tested by the Danish lab TÆNK, which found no unwanted substances. It is free from BPA, PFAS, rubber and latex, and is made in Finland. With proper care, a Lunette cup lasts up to 10 years.
Want a cup that's been independently tested? The Lunette period cup is made from 100% medical-grade silicone in two sizes. Before your first period with it, read how to clean a period cup so you start with good habits.
This information is general in nature and isn't medical advice. If you have symptoms that concern you, see your GP or, in an emergency, call 000.
